2020 was a year unlike any other. Companies and businesses of all sizes and governments new and old had to change across all facets, and technology helped manage these changes. Whether it was Blackboard, Zoom, Netflix, or any number of other tools, we relied on technology to help prepare meals, teach our children, collaborate with coworkers, and even entertain ourselves after yet another day at home. Rather than slow us down, 2020 accelerated our shift to a digital world, and I anticipate we won’t go back any time soon. Thanks to this acceleration, from my vantage point, 2021 will be a launchpad for all kinds of change. Here are some of the areas that will be driving it.
2020年是與眾不同的一年。各種規模的公司和企業以及新老政府都必須在各個方面進行變革，而技術可以幫助應對這些變化。無論是Blackboard，Zoom，Netflix還是其他許多工具，我們都依靠技術來幫助準備飯菜，教我們的孩子，與同事合作，甚至在******天在家中娛樂自己。2020年并沒有讓我們放慢腳步，反而加速了我們向數字世界的轉變，我預計我們不會很快回去。得益于這一加速，從我的角度出發，2021年將成為各種變革的啟動板。以下是一些會推動它發展的領域。
1. Cloud will be everywhere
The days of cloud capabilities being centralized in data centers are fast fading. Today, cloud-based applications can help boost the performance of ships at sea, aircraft traversing the sky, and in our cars and homes. Access to the cloud’s compute and storage is also reaching farther—from rural communities and remote wildernesses to near-earth orbit. Practically speaking, the cloud is accessible nearly everywhere—and it’s not just reach that matters, it’s the speed of the connections. For example, 5G extends to the edge of the networks and enables real computational work to be done.
This matters because tasks can now start to happen where results are needed most. For example, driverless cars become real, you can have more natural conversations with services like Alexa, and factories, homes, and office spaces become increasingly efficient and resilient. And if gaming is your thing, you’ll no longer need to worry about lag hampering your experience and your skills will be at full strength, wherever you are.
1.云無處不在
云功能集中在數據中心的時代正在迅速消逝。如今，基于云的應用程序可以幫助提高海上船舶，穿越天空的飛機以及我們的汽車和房屋的性能。從農村社區和偏遠的荒野到近地軌道，對云計算和存儲的訪問也越來越廣泛。實際上，云幾乎可在任何地方訪問，而不僅僅是影響范圍，還在于連接的速度。例如，5G延伸到網絡的邊緣，使真正的計算工作得以完成。
這很重要，因為任務現在可以在十分需要結果的地方開始發生。例如，無人駕駛汽車成為現實，您可以與Alexa等服務進行更自然的對話，并且工廠，房屋和辦公室空間變得越來越高效和靈活。而且，如果您的工作是游戲，那么您將不再需要擔心延遲會影響您的體驗，并且無論您身在何處，您的技能都將得到充分發揮。
2. The internet of machine learning
We generate more data in one hour than was created in the entirety of 2000—and more data will be created in the next three years than was created over the past 30. In 2020, whether you’re a data scientist or not, we got a glimpse of this growing data curve as scientific researchers, pharmaceutical companies, governments, and healthcare institutes turned every resource toward developing vaccines, novel treatments, and other means to help the world’s population remain healthy during the pandemic. These efforts required generating and processing vast amounts of data. The only realistic way to handle all the information is to use ingestion and aggregation tools, married to machine learning (ML) models, to help make sense of it. It’s no wonder that ML went mainstream this year.
In 2021, we’ll see accelerated adoption of ML models across industries and government. In manufacturing, ML will be embedded on production lines, able to spot production anomalies in real-time. In agriculture, ML models will help farmers intelligently manage precious resources, such as soil and water. For parts of the world where small-holder farmers are the majority—for example, across Southeast Asia and Africa—pushing ML models into new applications and collecting data closer to the edge will be revolutionary in helping increase crop yields and find the best price for their effort.
 
2.機器學習的互聯網
我們在一小時內生成的數據要比2000年全年創建的數據更多-未來三年將創建的數據要比過去30年來創建的數據更多。到2020年，無論您是不是數據科學家，我們都可以科學研究人員，制藥公司，政府和醫療機構將每種資源都轉向開發疫苗，新穎療法和其他手段來幫助大流行期間世界人民保持健康的過程中，這一數據曲線一瞥。這些工作需要生成和處理大量數據。處理所有信息的唯 一現實方法是使用與機器學習（ML）模型結合使用的提取和匯總工具來幫助理解這些信息。難怪ML今年成為主流。
在2021年，我們將看到ML模型在行業和政府中的加速采用。在制造過程中，機器學習將嵌入到生產線中，能夠實時發現生產異常。在農業中，機器學習模型將幫助農民智能地管理寶貴的資源，例如土壤和水。對于小農戶占多數的世界某些地區（例如整個東南亞和非洲），將ML模型推入新的應用程序并在邊緣附近收集數據將是革命性的，有助于提高農作物產量并找到更好的******。他們的努力。
 
3. In 2021, pictures, video, and audio will speak more than words
A few years ago, I talked about the death of the keyboard due to the rapid growth of voice-activated computing and the rise of user interfaces that allow humans to communicate with machines—and with each other—more naturally. In the months and years ahead, I predict that keyboards will continue to phase out in an evolved way.
In the past year—as we all entered the depths of lock down—we increasingly communicated via audio, video, and images. As a result, the amount of text we consume on our screens is being reduced as we make more use of multimedia to communicate. Companies that want to remain relevant to their customers need to be keenly aware of these changing habits—rather than expecting customers to interact with their products and services through a keyboard, mouse, or other mechanical ways. When it comes to building relationships and transacting with a brand, customers want to do what’s natural to them. Thus, companies should explore this move towards user interfaces like voice, and other forms of audio and video.
3.在2021年，圖片，視頻和音頻將說出更多的文字
幾年前，我談到了由于語音激活計算的快速增長以及允許人類更自然地與機器以及彼此通信的用戶界面的出現而使鍵盤消失的問題。在未來的幾個月和幾年中，我預計鍵盤將以逐步發展的方式逐步淘汰。
在過去的一年中（當我們都進入鎖定的深度時），我們越來越通過音頻，視頻和圖像進行通信。結果，隨著我們更多地使用多媒體進行通信，我們在屏幕上消耗的文本量正在減少。希望與客戶保持聯系的公司需要敏銳地意識到這些不斷變化的習慣，而不是期望客戶通過鍵盤，鼠標或其他機械方式與其產品和服務進行交互。在建立關系和與品牌進行交易時，客戶希望做對他們自然的事情。因此，公司應該探索這種向用戶界面（例如語音）以及其他形式的音頻和視頻的轉變。

4. Technology will transform our physical worlds as much as our digital worlds
In 2020 we were introduced to social distancing. As we spaced ourselves out, we had the chance to take stock and rethink how our cities live, breathe, and flow. Many of the places we live and work have been built on decades-old assumptions (or centuries-old, depending on where you live) that don’t hold up anymore—or at the very least, don’t perform well in a pandemic.
With the help of advanced data analytics, we’ll start to figure out how to design our cities with the advantages of social distancing without the sense of being apart. Our planning will consider how we make our communities healthier and safer, rather than merely denser and more efficient. It’s the true convergence of the digital and the physical.
4.技術將改變我們的物理世界和我們的數字世界
在2020年，我們被引入了社會隔離。當我們間隔開自己時，我們有機會盤點一下，重新思考我們的城市如何生活，呼吸和流動。我們生活和工作的許多地方都是建立在幾十年的假設之上（或幾百年的歷史，取決于您的居住地），這些假設不再成立，或者至少在大流行中表現不佳。
在******數據分析的幫助下，我們將開始思考如何在沒有分隔感的情況下利用社交距離優勢設計城市。我們的計劃將考慮如何使我們的社區更健康，更安全，而不僅僅是密度更高，效率更高。這是數字和物理的真正融合。

5. Remote learning earns its place in education
Recently, I spoke with high school students in Warsaw, Poland, who use the online learning service Brainly to keep up with their schoolwork and help each other in class. Tools like Brainly have exploded as parents support their kids’ learning in this new remote education reality.
Technology, and access to it, has played a huge role in children’s education during this pandemic. In 2021, we’ll prove that remote learning can work—and may be a better option for some—and can have a positive and more persistent role in education. We don’t need a global health crisis for online classes to make sense. Having remote schooling (and working) options widely available at any time means that kids can stay home when they’re sick without falling behind. Or what if there’s no school to go to at all? If there’s an internet connection, there’s the possibility for some type of education.
No question, I think we should send our kids back to classrooms. But there will be other interruptions. Remote classrooms give school systems the flexibility to respond to unforeseen events—whether pandemics, natural disasters, or man-made calamities—to continue student education.
5.遠程學習在教育中占有一席之地
近來，我與波蘭華沙的高中生進行了交談，他們使用在線學習服務Brainly來保持他們的學業并在課堂上互相幫助。隨著父母在這種新的遠程教育現實中支持孩子的學習，諸如Brainly之類的工具已經爆 炸式增長。
在這種大流行期間，技術及其獲取途徑在兒童教育中發揮了巨大作用。在2021年，我們將證明遠程學習可以起作用，并且對于某些人來說可能是更好的選擇，并且可以在教育中發揮積極和持久的作用。對于在線課程，我們不需要全球健康危機。隨時都有廣泛的遠程上學（和工作）選項，這意味著孩子生病時可以留在家里而不會落后。或者，如果根本沒有學校上學怎么辦？如果有互聯網連接，則可以進行某種類型的教育。
沒問題，我認為我們應該把孩子們送回教室。但是還會有其他干擾。遠程教室使學校系統可以靈活地應對突發事件（無論是大流行，自然災害還是人為災難），以繼續進行學生教育。

6. Small businesses will race to the cloud, and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa will lead the way
In a massive shift, small businesses will begin to make use of advanced cloud technology to reach their customers. We’ll see an explosion of higher-level technologies and service providers that cater to these small businesses. In turn, this will help small business do everything—from spinning up a chatbot to help answer frequently asked questions, to getting a customer relationship management system in place and running within minutes. Small businesses get the benefits of sophisticated architectures and applications without having to invest the time and expense of building it themselves.
The “cloud everywhere” trend described above is enabling this shift alongside the experience that most small businesses faced this past year. In many cases, the difference between surviving—or not—was an ability to leverage technology. Only 47% of small and medium businesses in the U.S. have their own website. Expect this number to grow in 2021. As this trend expands globally, we should look to nations in Southeast Asia—like Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Africa, like Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa—to lead the way.
6.小型企業將競逐云計算，東南亞和撒哈拉以南非洲將******潮流
在一個巨大的轉變中，小型企業將開始利用******的云技術來吸引客戶。我們將看到迎合這些小型企業的******技術和服務提供商的爆 炸式增長。反過來，這將幫助小型企業做所有事情-從創建聊天機器人以幫助回答常見問題，到建立客戶關系管理系統并在幾分鐘之內運行。小型企業無需復雜的架構和應用程序即可受益，而無需花費時間和******自行構建。
上面描述的“無處不在的云”趨勢正在使這一轉變與大多數小型企業在過去一年中所面臨的經驗相結合。在許多情況下，幸存與否之間的區別是利用技術的能力。在美國，只有47％的中小企業擁有自己的網站。預計這一數字將在2021年增長。隨著這一趨勢在全球范圍內擴展，我們應該尋求東南亞國家（如印度尼西亞，菲律賓，泰國，越南和非洲，如肯尼亞，尼日利亞和南非）的******。

7. Quantum computing starts to bloom
We’ve seen time and again, if you can democratize the most advanced, complex technology and make it affordable, available, and understandable to as many people as possible, great things happen. At re:Invent 2019 we announced Amazon Braket, a fully-managed quantum computing service that helps researchers and developers get started with the technology to accelerate research and discovery. And in 2020 we made it available to everyone.
There’s no question we’re at the early stages of this mind-bending approach to computing, but that’s the point of Braket. It’s especially important in this exploratory time that we let as many people as possible get their hands dirty and their brains wrapped around quantum computing. As companies and institutions begin to experiment with quantum for the first time—and as that expertise starts to move beyond the academic world—we’ll see business plans and the early seeds of products and services that center around a quantum future.
7.量子計算開始蓬勃發展
我們一次又一次地看到，如果您可以使zui******，zui復雜的技術民主化，并使之能夠負擔得起，盡可能多地被人們理解，那么偉大的事情***會發生。在re：Invent 2019上，我們發布了Amazon Braket，這是一種******托管的量子計算服務，可幫助研究人員和開發人員開始使用該技術來加速研究和發現。到2020年，我們將其提供給所有人。
毫無疑問，我們正處于這種令人費解的計算方法的早期階段，但這***是Braket的******。在這個探索性的時代中，特別重要的是，我們要讓盡可能多的人弄臟雙手，讓大腦纏住量子計算。隨著公司和機構第 一次開始嘗試量子技術，并且隨著專業知識開始超越學術領域，我們將看到圍繞量子未來的商業計劃以及產品和服務的早期種子。

8. The final frontier...
For technology to help everyone around the world live a better life, we shouldn’t go out and around the world as much as we should go up and above it.
In 2019, we launched a service called AWS Ground Station. It enables the ability to control satellite communications, process data, and scale operations without having to worry about building or managing a ground station infrastructure. We’re already seeing the ability to access and process satellite data helping researchers track glacial recession, maritime agencies protect vulnerable marine reserves, and agronomists better predict food supply. Startups are looking to establish a new breed of fast, secure networks in outer space. By making access to space affordable and accessible to every developer, I’m looking forward to seeing the innovations that come back down to earth and help us grow and prosper
8.zui后的邊界...
對于技術幫助大家在世界各地過上更好的生活，我們不應該去了和周圍的世界一樣，我們應該上去上面吧。
在2019年，我們推出了一項名為AWS Ground Station的服務。它具有控制衛星通信，處理數據和擴展操作的能力，而不必擔心建立或管理地面站基礎設施。我們已經看到了訪問和處理衛星數據的能力，這些能力可以幫助研究人員追蹤冰川的衰退，海事機構保護脆弱的海洋保護區以及農學家可以更好地預測糧食供應。初創企業希望在太空中建立一種新型的快速，安全的網絡。通過使每位開發人員都能負擔得起并獲得******合理的空間使用權，我期待看到扎根于地面的創新技術，并幫助我們成長和繁榮。

 
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